The Balance Of Payment ( Bop ) Essay - 1621 Words

According to Federal Reserve Bank of New York, â€Å"The Balance of Payment† (BOP) is a statement used by a country to summarize an economy’s transactions with the rest of the world by both private and public sectors for a specified time period, usually every quarter or year. It is known as â€Å"Balance of International Payment†, it involves all transactions between a country’s residents and its non-residents involving goods, services and income, financial claims on and liabilities to the rest of the word. If a country has received money, this is known as a â€Å"credit†, and if a country has paid or given money, the transaction is counted as a â€Å"debit†. Theoretically, the BOP should be zero, meaning that assets (credits) and liabilities (debits) should balance; however, in the reality, this is rarely the case. The BOP is divided into 3 main categories: the current account, the capital account, and the financial account: 1. The Current Account The current account refers to the export and import of goods and services into a country. Within the current account are credits and debits on the trade of merchandise, including goods such as raw materials and manufactured goods that are bought, sold or given away in the form of aid. Services refer to receipts from tourism, transportation, engineering, business service fees such as lawyers or management consulting, and royalties from patents and copyrights, and income-generating assets such as stocks. Last but not least, it includes the unilateralShow MoreRelatedBalance of Payment1714 Words   |  7 PagesBALANCE OF PAYMENT (BOP) Introduction: Balance of payments (BOP) is a record of economic transitions between the residents of one country and the rest of the world during one year. The balance of payment like all balance sheets must balance. The items, which lead to, an inflow of foreign earnings are placed on the credit side of the balance sheet, whereas the items, which give, rise to an outflow of foreign currency are placed on the debit side. Definition: â€Å"Balance of payment is a systematicRead MoreMgec61 Note - Chapter 13 Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pageschapter 19 ï‚ · Arguments for and against common currency – chapter 21 MGEC61 – Chapter 13  © Iris Au 1 Chapter 13: National Income Accounting and the Balance of Payments The National Income Identity for an Open Economy ï‚ · The national income identity for an open economy is: Output (Y) = C + I + G + (EX – IM) ï‚ · A country’s current account (CA) balance shows the difference between exports of goods and services and imports of goods and services (including net income on foreign investments), plus netRead MoreAnalyzing The Trends And Emerging Challenges Of India s Balance Of Payments Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Balance of Payments (BoP), being a record of the monetary transactions over a period with the rest of the world, reflects all payments and liabilities to foreigners and all payments and obligations received from foreigners. In this sense, the balance of payments is one of the major indicators of a country s status in international trade. BoP accounting serves to highlight a country s competitive strengths and weaknesses and helps in achieving balanced economic-growth. It can significantlyRead MoreImproving a Deficit in the Balance of Payments Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the alternative policies a government may use to improve a deficit in the Balance of Payments (BOP) There are many ways a government can improve a deficit of the BOP. First we must define the key terms. A deficit is the falling short of revenue as compared with expenditure; the amount of this deficiency; the amount required to make assets balance liabilities. The Balance of payments is a record or overall statement of a country’s economic transactions with the rest of the worldRead MoreBALANCE OF PAYMENTS Essay3498 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Balance of Payments MEANING : Balance of payment can be defined as systematic record of all economic transactions between the residence of one country and the residence of another country during a given period of time.Economic transactions can broadly be categorized in to four heads which are: 1. VISIBLE ITEMS : visible items include all those tangible goods which can be imported and exported. These are visible as they are made up of some matter or material. this is known as merchandise alsoRead Morerrent situation of Balance of Payments in Malaysia (until 2013) The Balance of Payments is defined900 Words   |  4 Pagessituation of Balance of Payments in Malaysia (until 2013) The Balance of Payments is defined a country transactions with other countries and the difference of total value between payments inflows and outflows of the money over a period. In other hand, there is a statement to summarize an economic transactions that be recorded by balance of payments related to consumers, businesses and the government in each country. Whether a company is successful in exporting to other countries or not that the BOP willRead MoreEconomic Data1321 Words   |  6 Pagesà ¸ £Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ ¶Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ ³ case study à ¸â€Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸ ¢ à ¹â€šÃ  ¸â€Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¸ «Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸ Ã  ¹â€  à ¸â€Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¹â€° 1. Balance of Payment (à ¸â€Ã  ¸ ¸Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸Å Ã  ¸ ³Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€ºÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ ¨) ; BOP 2. Exchange Rate Systems (à ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸Å¡Ã  ¸Å¡Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸â€¢Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€ºÃ  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸â€¢Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€ºÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ ¨) à ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¸ «Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸Å¡Ã  ¸Å¡Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸  à ¹ Ã  ¸â€¢Ã  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸Å¡Ã  ¸Å¡Ã  ¸ Ã  ¹â€¡Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¸â€šÃ  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¹ Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ ªÃ  ¸ µÃ  ¸ ¢Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸â€¢Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸â€¢Ã  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ Ã  ¹â€žÃ  ¸â€º 3. à ¹ Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ ²Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ©Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ ªÃ  ¸â€"à ¸ µÃ  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸  Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸Å¾Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡ BOP à ¹Æ'à ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ ¸Ã  ¸â€œÃ  ¸â€¢Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ ³Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ ² Handout à ¸â€"à ¸ µÃ  ¹Ë†Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸Ë†Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ µÃ  ¹Ë†Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¹Æ'à ¸Å Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸â€Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸ ¢...à ¸ ­Ã  ¸ ¹Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¹Å'...à ¹â€žÃ  ¸ ¡Ã  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¹â€žÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ² à ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ µÃ  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ Ã  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸Å¡ Balance of Payment; BOP à ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€ºÃ  ¹â€¡Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸â€Ã  ¸ ¸Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸Å¡Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸Å Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¸â€"à ¸ µÃ  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸Å Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¹â€°Ã  ¹Æ'à ¸ «Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¹â€¡Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ ¶Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ ²Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€ºÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ ¨Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¹â€  ..Read MoreEssay on Macroeconomics Stability1407 Words   |  6 Pagessustainable economic growth, low and stable inflation, low and stable unemployment and a sustainable balance of payments (BOP) position. These are the four goals that are important for any country to maintain macroeconomic stability. These are measured by key macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth rate, inflation rate, unemployment rate and balance of payments. It is a â€Å"mix of external and internal balance, which in turn implied, in the second case, full employment and stable economic growth, accompaniedRead MoreFederal R eserve Bank Of New York Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction According to Federal Reserve Bank of New York, â€Å"The Balance of Payment† (BOP) is a statement used by a country to summarize an economy’s transactions with the rest of the world by both private and public sectors for a specified time period, usually every quarter or year. It is known as â€Å"Balance of International Payment†, it involves all transactions between a country’s residents and its non-residents involving goods, services and income, financial claims on and liabilities to theRead MoreThe Real Challenge Of The Bop Market1270 Words   |  6 Pagesreal challenge of the BOP markets is, first and foremost, to fully understand the needs of poor consumers and translate them into high-quality products quality. Companies do not often understand how these consumers live, what they value and what their aspirations are. If a product fails to generate enough demand to be profitable, it may be because the company is not listening to the customers. If the company decides to look further into the possibility of marketing to the BOP segment, it will be mandatory

Strategic Analysis Of Sonic Records Employee Compensation

1. Executive Summary The report that is detailed below is a strategic analysis of Sonic Records employee compensation system and their recently added online on-line music warehouse and distributor E-Sonic. By creating this strategic analysis there becomes a pathway to make informed decisions on employee compensation strategies at all levels of E-Sonic. Having this detailed concise report helps provide paramount information for E-Sonic to grow organically and achieve the ultimate company objective of dominant market leadership in the online music category. Having a better understanding of current state of the business segment allows E-Sonic the advantage of an idea on the challenges that are ahead while launching this new branch of the†¦show more content†¦The same type of talent to embark on marketing campaigns that draw the online consumer is what will ultimately drive E-Sonic successes. E-Sonic is set up for extreme success with a compensation plan that calls out specific individuals for t heir success and what they contribute to the company’s success. E-Sonic is an online music downloadable and streaming company providing consumers with a user friendly interface. E-Sonic’s industry is classified by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and is part of the two different codes listed as 334614 and 512220. The first code 334614 is defined as, â€Å"Providing mass duplication of recorded products; Software and other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing†. This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in mass reproducing computer software or other prerecorded audio and video material on magnetic or optical media, such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, tapes, or cartridges. These establishments do not generally develop any software or produce any audio or video content. This industry includes establishments that mass reproduce game cartridges. (www.naics.com) This code is given in reference to E-Sonic’s producing of music on to multiple forms of products that include DVD, tapes, and cartridges. The second code 512220 is referring releasing, Promoting, and Distributing sound recordings, â€Å"Integrated Record Production/Distribution†. This industryShow MoreRelatedE-Sonic4898 Words   |  20 PagesE-Sonic Compensation Paper Todd Lipscomb, Belma Alic, and Teresa Halpin Davenport University Strategic Analysis Outline: 1. Strategic Analysis A. E-Sonic NAICS falls into two different codes 334614 and 512220. The first code 334614 definition is, â€Å"Providing mass duplication of recorded products; Software and other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing† (). This code is given in reference to E-Sonic’s producing of music on to various forms of products. The secondRead MoreStrategic Management and Matrix13286 Words   |  54 PagesStrategy Analysis and Choice What s Ahead The Nature of Strategy Analysis and Choice The Process of Generating and Selecting Strategies A Comprehensive Strategy-Formulation Framework The Input Stage The Threats-Opportunities-Weaknesses-Strengths (TOWS) Matrix The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix The Internal-External (IE) Matrix The Grand Strategy Matrix The Decision Stage TheRead MoreSm Ch 26 10110 Words   |  41 PagesNet present value analysis Nonfinancial investment concerns Exercises 26.1 26.2 Topic Accounting terminology Payback period 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 26.7 26.8 26.9 26.10 26.11 26.12 Learning Objectives 26-3 26-3 26-3, 26-4 26-3 26-3 26-1, 26-2 26-3, 26-4 26-5 26-3 26-2 Skills Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis, judgment Analysis, judgment Analysis, judgment Analysis Analysis, communication, judgment Learning Objectives Skills 26-1–26-5 Analysis 26-1–26-3 Analysis, communication,Read MoreBusiness Information Systems31162 Words   |  125 Pagescompetitive advantage d. improved flexibility Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 9 5. (Analysis) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real-time? a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3 Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 8 Analysis in terms of compare 6. Verizon’s implementation of a Web-based digital dashboard to provideRead MoreMcdonalds Strategic Analysis12693 Words   |  51 Pages* MCDONALD’S, THE SIMPLE JOY OF BURGERS. TABLE OF CONTENTS MCDONALD’S, THE SIMPLE JOY OF BURGERS. 1 1 ABSTRACT 3 2 COMPANY INTRODUCTION 4 3 FAST FOOD INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 5 3.1 Franchising Industry Analysis 6 3.2 The Industry Future Perspective 7 3.3 Industry PESTEL Framework Analysis 9 3.3.1 Political Aspects 9 3.3.2 Economic Aspects 9 3.3.3 Social Aspects 9 3.3.4 Technological Aspects 10 3.3.5 Environmental Aspects 11 3.3.6 Legal Aspects 11 4 Mcdonald’s CompanyRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesChapters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Introducing Strategy The Environment Strategic Capabilities Strategic Purpose Culture and Strategy Business Strategy Corporate Strategy and Diversification International Strategy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances Evaluating Strategies Strategy Development Processes Organising for Success Leadership and Strategic Change The Practice of Strategy Pages 30 37 47 59 69 79 88 99 108 115 122 132 144 150 162 Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesand 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classicRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfollowing classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/FordRead MoreTest Bank Hilton Herauf Modern Ad77200 Words   |  309 Pagesthe world will be in a better position to evaluate those companies that they should invest in. The harmonization of accounting principles and standards will pave the way to the integration of capital markets. Around the globe. d Note: The above analysis is not necessarily exhaustive. Students may be able to identify other valid differences. Difficulty: Easy Level of Learning: Knowledge, Comprehension Topic: LO 1 39. X Inc and Y Inc. are virtually identical companies with identical cost structures

Barrack Obama Free Essays

Barrack Obama is going to be one of the great leaders that America ever have in its history. He is going to rejuvenate the country and bringing it back to life. His dynamic leadership will infuse a new spirit of hope into it. We will write a custom essay sample on Barrack Obama or any similar topic only for you Order Now Presently America is faced with myriad of problems on various fronts and a very vibrant leadership is required to bring it back on the track towards progress. Barrack Obama is the man who can do all this efficiently. He has declared in his speeches that he is going to end the war in Iraq and this way he is going to plug the drain on the huge budgetary spending on this intensely disturbing and money-wasting war. I will also vote for him for the reason that he is going to bring our boys back from the unkind soil of Iraq. His economic policy are sustainable and have human element in them. He says that he believes in â€Å"an economy that honors the dignity of work. † (Democratic Convention Speech, 2008) He also does not believe in conventional racial theories prorogated by earliest Afro-American leaders and looks forward for homogeneous society. (Race Speech, 2008) I will vote for barrack Obama because he has said that he is going to finish Al-qaeda hideouts in Afghanistan and that he will crush them to death even if he has to enter into the land of Pakistan. He said in this regard: â€Å"The first step must be getting off the wrong battlefield in Iraq, and taking the fight to the terrorists in Afghanistan and Pakistan. † (Obama, 2007) On the front of economy for the reason that eight years of George Bush and his party’s rule has just given birth to unemployment, budgetary deficit and a big pile of loans. The image of my country has also been tarnished greatly because of their policies. So I don’t want that party to have another four years in the presidential office. The speeches of barrack Obama has made me very optimistic that when Obama will enter into the presidential office he will, by strong, vibrant and meaningful steps, uplift the economy and put it on the tack towards success and development. All above-mentioned arguments clearly manifest that Obama is a right selection to be voted as next U. S. president in these hard times as he is determined and devoted toward the cause of democratic world which is less prone to terrorism. He agenda is not only American but is universal in nature. Works Cited Obama, Barak. Remarks of Senator Obama: The War We Need to Win. 20 January, 2008. Retrieved on 08 September 2008. Available at: http://www. barackobama. com/2007/08/01/the_war_we_need_to_win. php Obama, Barak. Barack Obama Democratic Convention Speech. The Huffington Post. August 28, 2008. Retrieved on 08 September 2008. Available at: http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2008/08/28/barack-obama-democratic- c_n_122224. html? Obama, Barak. Obama Race Speech. The Huffington Post. March 18, 2008. Retrieved on 08 September 2008. Available at: http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2008/03/18/obama-race-speech-read-t_n_92077. html How to cite Barrack Obama, Papers

The Nursing assignment

Questions : 1.What do you think this opinion is based on? 2. Discuss how this scenario could affect the patient? 3. What are the ramifications of a senior nurse expressing this opinion? 4. How would you respond to this statement? Answers : 1.The senior nurse receiving handover of 87 year old gentleman is of the opinion that big surgeries should not be done on old people. This opinion is based on risky post-operative care of older adults. Nurse experience challenges in post-operative care of older adults as they are prone to high risk of complication as well as mortality due to the physiology of ageing, their frail body conditions and perioperative risk. Age related physiologic alterations increased the chanced of heart failure and delirium complications in elderly patients and so the nurse have this opinion (Baquero Rich, 2015). 2.The short-term impact of surgeries on older adults include rise in delirium symptoms, poor recovery, longer stay in hospitals and side-effects of medications. Hence older people have high rate of post-operative complications which affects their health and recovery process. Delirium is the most frequent complications which has a deleterious effect on other outcomes (Bellelli et al., 2014). Secondly, the use of anesthesia during the surgery has a long-term effect on the cognitive functions of older people above 65 years old. This occurs due to the pharmacotoxic effect of the drug as well as age-related neuronal changes in individual. The neurotoxicity of anesthetics can be well-tolerated by young adults but not by older adults due to age-related losses in cerebral reserve and slow drug elimination rate in older people (Ancelin et al., 2010). 3.The senior nurse expresses the above opinion because of the challenges faced by them in post-operative care of older adults. Due to the high rate of post-operative complications in this age group, the daily challenges in care for nurses include maintaining the continuum of service due to the decline in physiological and psychosocial outcome in frail elderly people. Hence, they are often discharged with high level of stress and anxiety (Wang, Zhao, Zang, 2014). 4.The personal opinion of a nurse to the statement is that the nurse agrees that complex surgeries are risky for older adults as they expose them to additional complications due to their decline in age-related physiology. Hence, surgery should be planned for them only when they are in immediate for them. Secondly, while preparing for surgery, all precautions should be taken to ensure that the elderly patient is not prone to any risk during the surgery. This can be done by comprehensive assessment of patient and evaluating the likelihood of complications during the surgery. Secondly, to minimize the burden of treatment and risk of post-operative functional impairment in older adults, it is necessary to engage in shared decision making process to promote favorable outcome for patients (Murthy et al., 2015). Reference Ancelin, M. L., De Roquefeuil, G., Scali, J., Bonnel, F., Adam, J. F., Cheminal, J. C., ... Ritchie, K. (2010). Long-term post-operative cognitive decline in the elderly: the effects of anesthesia type, apolipoprotein E genotype, and clinical antecedents.Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,22(s3), 105-113. Baquero, G. A., Rich, M. W. (2015). Perioperative care in older adults.Journal of geriatric cardiology: JGC,12(5), 465. Bellelli, G., Mazzola, P., Morandi, A., Bruni, A., Carnevali, L., Corsi, M., ... Gustafson, Y. (2014). Duration of Postoperative Delirium Is an Independent Predictor of 6?Month Mortality in Older Adults After Hip Fracture.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,62(7), 1335-1340. Murthy, S., Hepner, D. L., Cooper, Z., Bader, A. M., Neuman, M. D. (2015). Controversies in anaesthesia for noncardiac surgery in older adults.British journal of anaesthesia,115(suppl 2), ii15-ii25. Wang, S. Y., Zhao, Y., Zang, X. Y. (2014). Continuing care for older patients during the transitional period.Chinese Nursing Research,1, 5-13.