Life of Usain Bolt Essay

Jamaican sprinter Usain St.Leo Bolt was born in Trelawny, Jamaica on August 21, 1986; to Jennifer and Wellesley Bolt. His siblings are a sister named Sherine and a brother named Sadeeki. Since a young age, Bolt was fascinated with sports such as cricket and football or soccer. He attended Waldensia Primary School and William Knibb High School. While at Waldensia School, Bolt was honored as the fastest runner over 100 m. When he entered William Knibb High School, his cricket coach, impressed by his height and speed, insisted that he should try track and field events. Dwayne Barrett and Pablo McNeil, a former 100 m Olympic athlete, guided him about improving his athletic abilities. In 2001, Bolt won his first silver medal in the 200 meters with a time of 22.04 seconds at the annual high school championships. Bolt displayed his personal best of 48.28 seconds in the 400 meters and won a silver medal at the 2001 CARIFTA Games, a Caribbean regional event. He also finished the 200 meters in 21.81 seconds and achieved a silver medal. Bolt’s debut in a world level competition was at the 2001 IAAF World Youth Championships in Debrecen, Hungary. He did not qualify for the finals of the 200m event, but he set his personal best of 21.73 seconds. He set the record of 20.61 seconds and 47.12 seconds finishes at the Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships. Bolt moved to Kingston with the support of P.J. Patterson, the Prime Minister of Jamaica then, who saw the potential that Bolt possessed as an athlete. At the age of 15, Bolt won one gold and two silver medals at the 2002 World Junior Championships in Kingston. He was a subject of attraction due to his exceptional height of 6’5†³ and his extraordinary performance. He set his new personal best of 20.16 seconds in the 200 m. Bolt also displayed an amazing performance in the Jamaican sprint relay team, achieving two silver medals. He set national junior records in the 4Ãâ€"400 m and 4Ãâ€"100 m relays by finishing in 3:04.06 minutes and 39.15 seconds, respectively. He won a gold medal at the 2003 World Youth Championships and set a new record of 20.40 seconds in the 200 m. In his final Jamaican High School Championships in 2003, he broke the records in both the 400 and 200 meters, with 45.30 seconds and 20.25 seconds. Usain Bolt became a professional athlete in 2004 under the guidance of his  new coach Fitz Coleman. He started with the CARIFTA Games in Bermuda, where he was the first junior sprinter to run the 200 m in less than 20 seconds and broke the world junior record, previously held by Roy Martin. Bolt lost the opportunity to compete in the 2004 World Junior Championships due to a hamstring injury. However, he was selected for the Jamaican Olympic Squad, but was eliminated in the first round of the 200 meters due to a leg injury. However, in 2005, Bolt got a fresh start under the guidance of his new coach Glen Mills. He scored the season’s best finish of 19.99 seconds for the 200 meters at the London’s Crystal Palace in July, of the same year. Bolt reached the top five on the world rankings in 2005 and 2006. He set his new personal best at the 2006 Grand Prix in Lausanne, Switzerland, setting the record time of 19.88 seconds. Bolt got his first major world medal at the IAAF World Athletics Final in Stuttgart, Germany. He won a bronze medal by finishing in a time of 20.10 seconds. He achieved his first senior international silver medal in the IAAF World Cup in Athens, Greece. In 2007, he finished the 200 m in 19.75 seconds at the Jamaican Championships and broke the record of Don Quarrie by 0.11 seconds. He won silver medals in the 200 m and 4Ãâ€"100 m relay at the World Championships in Osaka, Japan. On May 31, 2008, Bolt established a new world record at the Reebok Grand Prix in New York. He r an the 100 m event in 9.72 seconds and broke an earlier record of 9.74 seconds set by Powell. After winning the 100 m, the 200 m and, along with his Jamaica teammates, the 4Ãâ€"100 m relay, all in world-record times, Usain Bolt scaled unpredicted heights in the 2009 Berlin World Championships, making a new 100 m world record of 9.58 seconds. He also broke his own 200 m record made in 2008 by 0.11 seconds, this time bringing it down to 19.19 seconds. Due to his remarkable performance; he was also honored as the IAAF World Athlete of the Year in 2008 and 2009. Although he could not make any new world records in 2010, Bolt comfortably won the 2010 IAAF Diamond League. Bolt wanted to break the 300 m record set by Michael Johnson in the Golden Spike meeting in Ostrava, but he could not do so due to an injury in his Achilles tendon. After the recovery from the injury, which took a month, he came back to track and field and comfortably won the 100 m at the Athletissima meeting in  Lausanne. He also defeated Asafa Powell in Paris at the Meeting Areva. However, he lost the race to Tyson Gay at the 100 m finals at the DN Galan. In the 2011 Daegu World Championships, Bolt was disqualified in the 100 meters finals because of a false start. He won the 200 meters in 19.40 s. He also won a gold medal in the 4Ãâ€"100 meters relay, setting the world record of 37.04 s, along with teammates Yohan Blake, Michael Frater, and Nesta Carter. In the months leading up to the 2012 London Olympics, Bolt was widely criticized for supposedly not taking the competition seriously. After being beat the top spot at the Jamaican trials by Yohan Blake, there was widespread doubt over Bolt’s ability to defend his 2008 titles. Bolt later said that losing to Blake was a wake-up call just before the Olympics and it helped him â€Å"get his head in the game†. At the London Olympics, Bolt made history by becoming the first athlete to defend both the 100 m and 200 m Olympic titles, in addition to the 4Ãâ€"100 m relay, as part of the Jamaican team. The closest anyone had ever come to that achievement was Carl Lewis, who won the 100 m and the 200 m in the 1984 Olympics, and the 100 m in 1988. Bolt is well known for his completely honest interviews as well as his speed records. After winning the gold medal in the 2012 Olympics 100 m, among widespread doubts about his fitness and attitude, he said to his critics, â€Å"All they can do is talk. I said it on the track†. In the same Olympics, he won the 200 m gold and then declared that he â€Å"is now a legend†, a claim refutable by few.

Boys and Girls Essay

Search for Identity in â€Å"Boys and Girls† In Alice Munro’s â€Å"Boys and Girls†, she tells us a story about a young girl’s rebellion to the womanhood prescribed by a society which has stereotyped views toward both sexes’ roles and identity in society. The story takes place in the 1940s when women have not gained so much equal rights as today, and they are still perceived as attached to males. The story is set is a fox family of Jubilee, Ontario, Canada, a rural area and the point of view of this story is first person â€Å"I†. The narrator is the female protagonist whose name has never appeared in the story directly, which symbolizes her lack of identity in a patriarchal society compared with boy children. There is a character whose name is given to us, the narrator’s brother with the name of Laird, meaning Lord in the Scottish language. The choice of name can truthfully reflect women’s role and social position at that time as well as men’s priorities in a way. Although women had no identity or social position at time, they are just the angel in the house as what they are expected to do, the narrator has never accepted this position and this unfairness easily and satisfactorily. She rebelled against those expectations the society had put on women. She tried hard to search for her identity in the society, to be â€Å"more that just a girl†. The search of identity is the major theme of Zhang 2 this little story, and such search can be best reflected on the narrator but also on her little brother. Here, the author of this thesis will try to analyze the respective process of their search, and the results for search of identity will not be the same because of the difference in gender roles. The narrator’s search for identity can better be represented in the following scenes. Firstly, her nightly stories. Her desire and dream for acting like a hero to protect others in these fabricated stories are the reflection of her burning desire to be not just a girl and her wish for freedom that was just recognizable hers. Before bedtime, she loved to sing the song â€Å"Danny Boy†, differently from her brother who would sing â€Å"Jingle Bell† whether it is Christmas or not. â€Å"I arranged myself tightly under the covers and went on with one of the stories that I was telling myself, when I had grown a little older; they took place in a world that was recognizably mine, yet one that presented opportunities for courage, boldness and self-sacrifice, as mine never did† (Munro, 115). The image she fabricated in these stories represented her ideal self, a girl, powerful independent, not â€Å"just a girl†, the complete opposite of the stereotyped† girl†, which her family wanted her to become and society expect her to become. It represents her desire to transcend the stereotyped role prescribed to women. In the second place, her ungirly behavior can also represent her rebellious search for identity. This obvious resentment for society’s womanly duties symbolizes the narrator’s desire to be more than â€Å"just a girl†. For example, even after her grandmother criticized her with commands like, â€Å"Girls keep their knees together when they sit down† (Munro, 121). And â€Å"Girls don’t slam doors like that† (Munro, 121), She continued to slam doors and sit awkwardly because she felt that it kept her free. In other words, she has not been prepared to accept and claim her gender identity. However, gradually, she began to take the identity of a girl. She began to decorate her room, her bed, pay more attention to her appearances when she communicates with her peers. In fact, after a long process of rebellious search for identity, she finally began to construct her identity as a girl, but a girl who is more than â€Å"just a girl†, a girl that finally achieves some freedom in her construction of identity. Thirdly, her desire to be outside of the house. She is torn between the outside where her father introduces her to and the warm inside where her mother tried protecting her from the brutal outside. In that time, girls were expected to be a help mate to mothers, doing housework, cooking and cleaning and so on. However, she totally rebels against this household identity of women. She will escape from the house before her mother yelled her to do housework, and enjoys working beside his father. â€Å"I worked willing fully under his eyes, and with a felling of pride† ( Munro, 120). Her father once introduced her to others as new hired hand. In this sense, her rebellion does make some difference in her life and she get some recognition in being not â€Å"just a girl†. Fourthly, the narrator’s association with and her identification with Flora also symbolizes her own thrust for freedom in metaphorical sense. The family would sometimes kill healthy horses that no longer had any use because the father fed his Zhang 4 foxes with horsemeat, and Flora was one of these horses, a beautiful female horse, violent and rebellious. In an accident, Flora broke away and ran wildly in the barnyard. When her father tried to catch it and shout to her to close the door, she got there just in time to close it, but instead she held it open for Flora. â€Å"It was exciting to see her running, whinny-ing, going up on her hind legs, prancing and threatening like a horse in a Western movie† (Munro, 126). The act of her opening the gate and setting Flora free is a rebellious act against the authority of her father and her pursuit for freedom in metaphorical sense. In the story, â€Å"Boys and Girls†, the narrator is not the only one who has come to terms with identity through search. Her little brother Laird also went through a process of searching for identity. Laird began in the story like a girl who is very timid, very obedient, just like his mother. In the beginning, he enjoyed more of the house than the outside world. He sings â€Å"Jingle Bell† before bed. However, gradually, he also developed her identity as a boy, perhaps under the aid of his elder sister whose desire for excitement drove her to do something fascinating and thrilling. She once made Laird climb the ladder to the top beam, persuaded him to look how the old shoot a horse. In the end of the story, there is a scene in which Liard commented his sister’s singing as â€Å"you sound silly† and another scene in which he told his sister that â€Å"we shot old Flora†. All these demonstrate that she has found the identity a boy should have in a society. In the end, he has developed a desire to do the masculine things around the house, as expected to be done by boys. Zhang 5 From the above analysis of the narrator’s and her brother’s search for identity in a society which tend to stereotyped the role of men and women, it is found that pure rebellion against the expectation does not make a girl more that â€Å"just a girl†, people should also try to come term with the society in a certain degree, because the construction of identity is a social integration, a social process. However, it does not mean to say that the narrator’s search did not have meaning. Actually it did help her to get some freedom and some peace in the heart.

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

Personal statement - Essay Example An MSc in management would help me get a job and possibly good remuneration. I believe that the knowledge and skills I will acquire from Merrick College will help me be in a better position to get more career opportunities. In addition, acquiring an MSc resonates with one of my values, which is to give others and myself the opportunity to develop. I trust that my decision to study at your esteemed institution is one of the best decisions I have made in life. This is because of the best practices as well as reputation in the course and the entire organization. The university offers courses like Management Planning and Control, Business Intelligence and statistical analysis and many more. Moreover, I am interested in MSc management because it will give an opportunity to understand more the management function. I am extremely good at international management, decision making as well as global marketing. Therefore, this course will help me get the bigger picture of international management. There are specific aspects that I am interested in while undertaking the MSc program. One of them being writing a good business proposal as this will help me face future clients with confidence, as I will be able to convince clients through my well-drafted business proposal. In addition, the incorporation of group work in the learning process will help me gain more confidence as participation is important. Moreover, the interactions during discussions will enhance my learning as students learn from one another. My professional network will grow therefore giving me an opportunity to find work in better organizations. My undergraduate program has given me adequate skills necessary for master’s program. I am a committed member in various clubs including the management and leadership club that have grown my leadership skills. I am planning to work as I pursue my masters’ course and this will help me get experience in management. I have both long and long

Changes in capacity and dicision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Changes in capacity and dicision making - Essay Example Every surrogate decision maker appointed by the patient or by the court or selected automatically, have the responsibility of representing the wishes of the grown up individual and take into consideration the patients values. Health care practitioners also have the responsibility of honoring these values and wishes as they are. When the wishes and values of the patient are not known by the surrogate, he/she should be guided based on the patient’s best interest (Buchanan et al. 1998). Capacity assessment plays a very important role in determining when a patient cannot make decisions; hence they should be made on his behalf. This has a big implication for the clinic health professionals and civil freedoms effects of the patient. The process of determining the patients capacity is very important and can have serious implication to the patient’s life or even health, it can also make the person offering the treatment to lose his/her career/job. A health practitioner can get wrong information about a patient’s health that he/she gets from the patient who is mentally impaired. When such information is used, it may end up endangering the life of the patient. It is, therefore, crucial to adequate capacity assessment to be carried out. In this scenario, there is a conflict between the father and the daughter hence an ethical decision-making will be required by the healthcare executive. The decision makers, in this case, must take into account ethical, justice to parties involved, autonomy, beneficence, & nonmaleficence. They should also take consideration their professional and organizational moral principles codes and standards. The bioethicist should come up with a proper and sound decision-making framework. A mechanism that comprise of ethics committees, services for consulting, and policies that are written. An official way with guidelines should be established to help in the decision-making process. However, given that the patient

Aussie Pie Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aussie Pie - Case Study Example The given report projects the financial statement for a start up business to acquire business loan. By preparing the financial statements of the organization, the management would be able to know how they have performed in one year after establishing a new business in the USA market. Initially, details of the planned business are given below on the basis of which projections are arrived at: BUSINESS IDEA: Anna Amphlett and Andrew Ferris plan to start up business in Seattle's Pike Place Market under the trade-marked name of Aussie Pies. Business would conduct production and distribution of Australian meat pies. Idea of exploring opportunity for a meat pie in the US arrived from Anna Amphlett and Andrew Ferris’s visit to Australia where the mentioned product is a national snack having huge market mainly during sports. PRODUCT DETAILS: Meat pies are hand sized pot pie made with pastry and filled with minced (ground) beef gravy. The pie has short crust bottom and flaky pastry top. The meat pie is about four inches in diameter and traditionally in hand with tomato sauce (tomato Ketchup) and accompanied by cold beer. Plan to introduce Australian meat pie in the US will mainly follow the same product details and differentiation will be offered in the quality of pies. The Aussie Pies will be of high quality with low fat beef. The Aussie Pies would be made from beef raised on ranches using no hormones or insecticides. Initially, standard meat pies would be offered and based on the level of success further specialty pies, such as steak and kidney pies, meat and sun dried tomato pies, and Barramundi pies would be offered. LOCATION: Anna Amphlett and Andrew Ferris plan to open first store in Seattle's Pike Place Market. This place is a popular destination for tourists, and they will be the basic target market. Tourists usually have curiosity for the cuisine of places they are visiting. Aussie Pies with high quality and low fat will mainly attract these tourists of Seattle. Moreover, quality raised meat being the specialty of Aussie Pies would attract health conscious young generation as well. PRICE: T he price of meat pie is decided to $ 3.25 per pie.

What was the gender difference in job related training between 1997 Article

What was the gender difference in job related training between 1997 and 2002 - Article Example ies: the demographic trends in formal, job related training; informal training or self-directed learning; training and unmet training needs or wants; and long-term patterns in formal training participation. The gender difference in job related training between 1997 and 2002 showed that participation rates for both male and female participants in formal, job related training increased from 1997 to 2002. As clearly revealed, the authors disclosed that: participants, 39% of women and 34% of men reported having unmet training needs/wants. These proportions dropped to 24% and 22% respectively for non-participants† (Peters 19). These figures manifest that training and unmet training needs or wants were higher for women than men by 5% (for participants) versus a difference of 2% for non-participants, where women still exceeded men’s unmet training needs or wants. (54% were men and 46% were female† (Peters 23). On the other hand of the continuum, the patterns for long-term trainees, the results disclosed that there are equal portions of men and women in the group. The author’s findings in terms of gender differences in job related training revealed that both men and women exhibited increased participation in formal, job related training from 1997 to 2002; where more women manifested more unmet training needs or wants than men. Finally, in terms of long term patterns in formal training participation, men exhibited higher proportions of non-trainees than their counterpart. As Peters (2004) averred, the results would assist in future research that aims to â€Å"understand if the training objectives of workers are met by the training they participate in, how formal training combines with informal training in the skill-development process and a wealth of other issues†

Why does America have a two-party system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why does America have a two-party system - Essay Example The classification of the party system is on the grounds of the number of relevant parties and the amount of fragmentation that is seen in the governing bodies (McKeever and Davies 2012). A two-party system is seen where two major political parties are at the time dominating the votes. Within the two-party system, one of the parties gets to hold the majority in the legislation (Bailey et al 2010). The United States is noted to have started the system of having two parties in its governance. There are many reasons as to why it does continue to have its system like that (McKeever and Davies 2012). When the history of the United States is considered, it is found out that its roots are based on the two-party system itself. This force behind the form of tradition, where that the state itself began with, has become very important to the Americans. It has had a lot of influence on the American government (Gerring 2001). Other nations have numerous political parties whereby the candidates ge t to be elected to the offices, and when the data is analyzed, minority parties give out great contribution to this. Over the course of political history in the United States, minor third parties have come up several times (Bibby and Maisel 2003). For example, the Poor Man’s party, the liberty party, and the free soil party have come up within the American history and get to influence the politics of America slightly. But, the worst part is that the names of most of them get forgotten easily and very quickly (Bibby and Maisel 2003). Two-party system is the only system where the county gets to have ideological parties with broad political beliefs and good values that can see the country forward to a better stand (Herrnson and  Green 2002). The minor parties only tend to be economic protests, and this is not what the nation needs at the moment (Campbell 2006). It needs to see progress from one stage to another in terms of a better solution to the problems and matters they are facing (Bibby and Maisel 2003). The minor parties do act as splinter parties in most situations. This paper is going to analyze the reasons why United States of America still has two party systems. Historical influence When the past political system is reviewed, the progressive party of 1912 splinted from the republicans gaining 88 electoral votes. Later on the same progressive party of 1924 gained 13 votes after splinting from the republicans (McSweene and Zvesper 1991). These groups always do not take up the goal of winning the election and transforming the nation, but conversely, they concentrate on changing the view of the current state of the electoral votes (Bowles 1993). One of the major reason as to why United States of America still continues to engage in the Two-party system is due to the reason of the great force of historical tradition (Sundquist 1983; Smith 2003). For a very long time, since the nation started with the Two-party system, the anti- federalists and the fe deralists have become used to the system so much that they cannot let go of it (Milkis and Rhodes 2007). When this system is trace, it is found that there have been five distinct party systems. These are: first party system, which was during 1796 to 1816: federalists and Jeffersonian republicans; second party system, which was during 1840 to 1896: democrats and Whigs; third party system, which was during 1860 to 1896; democrats and republicans; the fourth party system occurred during 1896 to 1932: republicans and democrats, and finally the fifth party system includes the democrats and the republicans: from 1932 to date (Sartori and  Mair 2005). American political Beliefs and Values One of the other factors which have greatly inclined the two party

Cicero and liberty in modern era Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cicero and liberty in modern era - Term Paper Example Back in the times, a person’s worth was determined based on his family. Marcus Cicero was therefore a lucky man and a worthier Roman citizen. He was born to senior Roman citizen, one serving in the equestrian order and had good connection within Rome. The roman society attached very little worth on its women, therefore no much is written about Cicero’s mother. However, it is understood that she was a humble housewife who effectively took care of his two sons. Cicero was born in 106 BC in a small hill town southeast of Rome called Arpinum. It was here that his father owned a fortune. Cicero was bright from childhood, he took much pride in studying works of previous iconic personalities, and most of his readings were political and philosophical manuscripts. He therefore became knowledgeable on the history and the structures of the Roman government (Tempest 47). Cicero derived his greatest motivation to read from his surname which he never liked and therefore never used, C ognomen. Loosely translated, this name meant that Cicero was named after one of his ancestors who had a cleft on his left nose. This became a joke and an origin of ridicule among his family and peers. He therefore resented the name and from the public ridicule and humiliation, he denied himself a social life as a child and took to books. His childhood dream was to become a politician, he read all the manuscripts and books he could find on politics, through his father’s connections, he gained access to the best literature material within Rome and in the process of learning politics, he redeveloped his other abilities. He studied philosophy and was a fosterer of rational thought on public management, through his oratory ability; he became a charming leader one capable of championing for an idea and through rationalization make it come through. He had an effective and an informed way of arguing his issues thereby winning the love of the common Roman citizen while gaining respect among his accolades (Stockton 44). The first half of the first century was characterized by chaos in the Roman Empire, Gaius Julius Caesar, rose to the helm of leadership amidst several oppositions and counter accusations. He therefore out rightly turned into a dictator in a bid to retain his rule. Cicero opposed his leadership and kept championing for the return to the previous republican type of governance. Through his hawk eyed analysis of the Roman constitution and other laws and statutes, he developed philosophies illegitimating Julio Caesar’s dictatorial rule. He soon began becoming a darling to the public. His fame with the citizen climaxed at about the same time that Julio Caesar was murdered. Mark Antony took over the governance of the emperor in unclear circumstances and introduced systems similar to those of his predecessor. Once again, Cicero became a critic of the governance and would always attack Mark Antony in most of his public speeches. Mark Antony labeled him an enemy of the state which back them was synonymous to being charged with treason in the modern day society. he had two options which included either surrendering to the state

3D ProJet 5500x firmy 3D Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3D ProJet 5500x firmy 3D Systems - Essay Example The speed is double in terms of magnitude compared those of previous printer versions vi. The printouts have varying textures and appearances. The difference in texture and appearance is as a result of the diverse materials that are mixed to make the products. For instance, rubber and plastic materials have different textures and appearances (3D Systems Polska, 2014) i. High speed processing power. The printer produces assemblies efficiently per unit time. As a result, it can combine multi-materials high speed ensuring convenience in continuous and labour intensive industrial activities ii. Previous versions may have been splitting printing operations into different stages. However, the 5500x technology based printer incorporates several operations into one process, an aspect that further enhances efficiency iii. The printer has an attached 5 year warranty that guarantees the user of the quality of the product. Therefore, consumers are contented with the product because they can always forward accruable complains to the concerned manufacturers The printer can produce considerably large printouts by using the advanced 5500x printing technology. Compared to the products of previous printers, the 5500x assemblies are 60 percent larger. Multi-materials are produced by virtue of the multi-jet printing technology that creates quality composite materials of diverse colours and ingredients. The technology is capable of producing appliances with diverse colours and materials. Speed is also an imperative functional component of the printer’s capabilities. Stereo lithography is the basis of operation displayed by most printers. Computer Aided Design uses laser beams to create or print to produce the desired 3D assemblies. The ProJet 5500x uses the same principle of operation. However, the new 3D printing technology is of a higher processing speed when compared to other printers. Its core operating

Capital and unskilled labor are substitutes Essay

Capital and unskilled labor are substitutes - Essay Example These are the factors that facilitate the growth development and expansion of a business. One would therefore have to understand the importance of labor in maintaining the production of more capital for a business. There is an immense similarity between the capital invested in a project and the type of labor it can afford to hire. This is also determined by the materials used by the business as it grows and ensuring that it rises. Production takes place when all the integral parts of an organization or business work together to attain a goal that will contribute to the whole company as well. It is particularly through these social relations to each other that that each part influences the other (Krusell 2000). These interactions between the manufacturers and the atmosphere within which they trade tasks and contribute to the complete construction usually differ depending on the nature of the method of production. Capital also involves the exchange values. It is hence a computation of property, trade ethics and social extent. It maintains its value regardless of the form in which it is invested in. Basically; capital always has a constant value of exchange. For instance, if the capital is in the form of land the exchange value will still remain the same. The commodity may appreciate or depreciate in value but during transformation its exchange value will not be altered. This shows that all factors are interrelated in one way or another so as to produce an end result that favors each integral part of the system (Johnson 1997). A laborer will receive a mode of survival in return for his services. Substitution of capital with unskilled labor would depend on how much initial capital was invested. Low capital investment would not enable employment of skilled labor as this would reflect unrealistic allocation of finances. Therefore, low capital investments will lead to employment of unskilled labor. A workforce that does not have adequate skills would

Sex is a natural preoccupation Essay Example for Free

Sex is a natural preoccupation Essay Sex is a natural preoccupation. It is on everyones mind from birth to death. For human beings sex can have a variety of meanings: instinctual, spiritual, pleasurable, an act of love to even one of power. Like most things untamed and complex, many feel the need to carve a different understanding of what sex means and define it to values most often rooted in religious philosophy, language and behavior. James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) is an intimate look at a young Irish writer, Stephen Dedalus, whose narrative becomes a fictional adaptation of Joyces own life as a young man. Throughout the novel, we read of Stephens conflict between his lust for women and his passionate devotion to the tenets of the Roman Catholic faith. His struggle is palpable and begs the question: Why? Julienne H. Empric articulates one theory in her essay The Mediation of the Woman and the Interpretation of the Artist in Joyces Portrait saying, [Women are] the magnetic force of that sensual creativity an artist must both court and reject in order to accomplish his purpose (Ben 11). Essentially, the characters inspiration and transformation comes from his fantasies of women (sexual and romantic) and his refusal to be too enchanted by such fantasies. To understand Stephens apprehensions about his sexuality, one must first have a fundamental understanding of the way Catholic ideology defines sexuality and the context by which sexual acts can be accepted. Catholicism has long encouraged careful and at times rigid expectations of its parishioners when it comes to sex. Catholic doctrine accepts sex for procreation within a heterosexual marriage. Religious leaders are asked to commit themselves to a life of celibacy. Carnal desires must be suppressed and homosexuality is forbidden. For difficult or troubled unions, divorce is not an option, only annulment, a process where a couples relationship is proven invalid of the real love that truly sustains a marriage. In another example, the act of masturbation is considered selfish pleasure and runs against conjugal purpose; therefore being unacceptable. Why is sex and sexuality so defined? Several points can be made. M. K. Hellwig suggests, The immediate results are depicted in the story [of creation]. They [Adam and Eve] become painfully aware of their nakedness, their vulnerability; they are embarrassed or afraid to be under scrutiny simply for what they are. They lose the experience of Gods friendship and intimate presence with them not because of Gods anger but because of their own fear, which drives them into hiding. (Hellwig 1981, p. 46) The humiliation of nakedness was a step in making sex taboo. When we engage in sex, we are naked, vulnerable, and surrender to inquiry and carnal desire. In Catholic doctrine, its acceptability is clearly limited to behaviors that serve a particular purpose unique to marriage. But in many respects, one can argue that sex, like religion, is also powerful, emotional, and susceptible. Therefore, it can to some become its own path to deeper meaning and connection, a part of life that can be seen and felt, and easier to commit to. We have inherited a world in which sex itself is a conflicted enterprise. It is no longer (if it ever was) an activity used solely as a means of reproducing the species. 2 Yet few think of sex as simply a way to obtain pleasure and enjoyment. In some ways, we are told that sex is the only way that each of us can truly be known and defined, that we are not truly coupled with another unless we are sexually active with that person. In other conversations (especially those associated with the sexual revolution), indiscriminate sex becomes the route by which we mark our liberation. As Christians, we are charged with the difficult task of sorting out which constructions of sexual activities belong in the new creation as outlined for us by Christ, and which concepts must be rejected. (Rudy 1997, p. xiv). So what does all this have to do with Stephen? His Catholic upbringing appears considerably stricter than one would expect from the average Catholic today. The process of assigning value to personal philosophy and behavior in reaching a higher purpose is vital to him. For Stephen both the church and [his] art become means not only to acquire nobility, but to enter a realm of pure spirit, shedding the repellant flesh forever (Benstock 124). He knows that to be sexually vulnerable is a one-way ticket to a hell he describes as a field of stiff weeds and thistles and tufted nettle bunches. Thick among the tufts of rank stiff growth lay battered canisters and clots and coils of solid excrement and this horror is incessantly grating on his conscious. Chapter 2, section five reveals to us Stephens first sexual experience. He wanders the streets for hours and finally one night a young prostitute dressed in a long pink gown, which he equates with the obscene scrawl which he had read on the oozing wall of a urinal propositions him and he uncomfortably accepts (Benstock 124). Her round arms held him firmly to her and he, seeing her face lifted to him in serious calm and feeling the warm calm rise and fall of her breast, all but burst into hysterical weeping. Tears of joy and relief shone in his delighted eyes and his lips parted though they would not speak. She passed her tinkling hand through his hair, calling him a little rascal. -Give me a kiss, she said. His lips would not bend to kiss her. He wanted to be held firmly in her arms, to be caressed slowly, slowly, slowly. In her arms, he felt that he had suddenly become strong, fearless, and sure of himself. But his lips would not bend to kiss her. With a sudden movement, she bowed his head and joined her lips to his and he read the meaning of her movements in her frank uplifted eyes. It was too much for him. He closed his eyes, surrendering himself to her, body and mind, conscious of nothing in the world but the dark pressure of her softly parting lips. They pressed upon his brain as upon his lips as though they were the vehicle of a vague speech; and between them he felt an unknown and timid pressure, darker than the swoon of sin, softer than sound or odour (Joyce 70 71). In surrendering, he exercises sexual freedom and yet again obsesses over his sinfulness. His romantic viewpoint soon diminishes his experience with prostitutes as cold, empty motion because he wants more. He needs love. When Stephen embraces the prostitute, we remember that this is the youth who is to announce his determination to press in his arms the loveliness which has not yet come into the world. In retrospect, the arms of the prostitute seem a poor substitute (Ryf 145). In other words, Stephen wants to make love, not just have sex to have sex. The act of making love seems to be the only thing worthy of standing up against his religious conviction. In the following paragraph of chapter three, section one, Stephen is again on a nightly prowl of the red light district. It is important to note how far his imagination takes the severity of his sin, as he increasingly feels handicapped by [his] sex and youth. He would follow a devious course up and down the streets, circling always nearer and nearer in a tremor of fear and joy, until his feet led him suddenly round a dark corner. The whores would be just coming out of their houses making ready for the night, yawning lazily after their sleep and settling the hairpins in their clusters of hair. He would pass by them calmly waiting for a sudden movement of his own will or a sudden call to his sin-loving soul from their soft perfumed flesh. Yet as he prowled in quest of that call, his senses, stultified only by his desire, would note keenly all that wounded or shamed them; his eyes, a ring of porter froth on a clothless table or a photograph of two soldiers standing to attention or a gaudy playbill; his ears, the drawling jargon of greeting: (Joyce 72). We soon see that Stephen never understands the opposite sex nor the mystery of the Church. His confusion leads him to a vacuum where the sacred and the mundane can interpenetrate. This unreal perspective he does develop and consequently it shapes his personal interpretation of Catholicism (Ben 14). By the end of chapter three, Stephen gives further elaboration on the hellish outcome that will befall him should he continue his current path. In chapter four, he attempts to rigorously discipline and engross himself in the ways of the Church in an effort to save his devious soul. He is racked by guilt and self-doubt. However, by now, the reader knows Stephen well enough to predict he will fail to meet the rigid standards he has made for himself. Bernard Benstock suggests, The rise of sexual desire in Stephen can be tracked from the photograph of the beautiful Mabel Hunter with demurely taunting eyes to the whore with frank uplifted eyes who first seduces him, to the imagined harlots in his guilty mind with gleaming jewel eyes (Benstock, 188). So distracted by the surreal nature of his fantasies, Stephen is unable to seriously commit to anything. His weakness reveals itself while he discussed the possibility of the priesthood with a senior deacon at his school. The priest idly mentions discovering priestly robes to be somewhat absurd. Just imagine, he tells Stephen, when I was in Belgium I used to see them out cycling in all kinds of weather with this thing up about their knees! It was ridiculous. LES JUPES, they call them in Belgium (Joyce, 111). The young man smiles politely but at the mention of robes, his mind begins to wander into sexual fantasy making his failure inevitable. The names of articles of dress worn by women or of certain soft and delicate stuffs used in their making brought always to his mind a delicate and sinful perfume It had shocked him, too, when he had felt for the first time beneath his tremulous fingers the brittle texture of a womans stocking for, retaining nothing of all he read save that which seemed to him an echo or a prophecy of his own state, it was only amid soft-worded phrases or within rose-soft stuffs that he dared to conceive of the soul or body of a woman moving with tender life. But the phrase on the priests lips was disingenuous for he knew that a priest should not speak lightly on that theme. The phrase had been spoken lightly with design and he felt that his face was being searched by the eyes in the shadow (Joyce 11). Even though he would have himself believe that the proper artistic response is a dispassionate stasis, most of Stephens attempts to write poetry are intimately linked with his sexual needs (Benstock 126). Stephen eventually denounces the Church, but when asked if he would convert to become a Protestant he responds by saying he did not reject a logical absurdity only to embrace an illogical absurdity. Nevertheless, his dilemma is real; that is, that he rejects the Church but cannot forget it. He goes out of his way to satirize its rituals and thereby has the Catholic faith still a living thing within him, and not to remain indifferent to it (Ryf 204). At the end of the novel we enter Stephens point of view through some of his journal entries. He writes, MARCH 21, NIGHT. Free. Soul free and fancy free. Let the dead bury the dead. Ay. And let the dead marry the dead. It appears Stephen has finally found peace. But can we trust that Stephen will remain true to his course? He then writes: MARCH 24. Began with a discussion with my mother. Subject: B. V. M. Handicapped by my sex and youth. To escape held up relations between Jesus and Papa against those-between Mary and her son. Said religion was not a lying-in hospital. Mother indulgent. Said I have a queer mind and have read too much. Not true. Have read little and understood less. Then she said I would come back to faith because I had a restless mind. This means to leave church by back door of sin and re-enter through the skylight of repentance. Cannot repent. Told her so and asked for sixpence. Got threepence (Joyce 182). If Stephen leaves the Catholic Church, he must completely break philosophically and culturally from the one constant he has known in his life. New ground will need continuous validation before any enrichment can occur. Essentially, one needs to have an amazing amount of conviction to feel complete indifference towards your original creed. Whom will he love and what will explain his existence? Can he replace a 2,000-year faith and formation tradition that he is still ambiguous about? I doubt it. However enterprising and articulate Stephen may seem, it is literally too early a period in his life as an artist to suggest that he has settled doubt with Catholicism or is realistically prepared to forge a new path about the wisdom of living anyone could follow. Work Cited 1. ) Ben, Diana A. James Joyce and His Contemporaries. Westport, Connecticut. Greenwood Press, Inc. 1989 2. ) Benstock, Bernard. Approaches to Joyces Portrait: Ten Essays. University of Pittsburgh Press. 1976 3. ) Hellwig, M. K. Understanding Catholicism. New York: Paulist Press. 1981 4. ) Joyce, James. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man . New York, New York. Dover Publications, Inc. 1916, 1994 5. ) Rudy, K. Sex and the Church: Gender, Homosexuality, and the Transformation of Christian Ethics. Boston, Mass. : Beacon Press. 1997 6. ) Ryf, Robert S. A New Approach to Joyce: The Portrait of the Artist as a Guidebook. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California . 1962.

Viruses-smallpox Essay Example for Free

Viruses-smallpox Essay FBI data reveals over 10000 bombings resulting in 355 deaths and over 3ooo injuries between 1990 and 1995. Based on FBI data calculations, approximately 70% of domestic terrorist incidents involve some type of explosives; Analysts need to be aware that explosive devices can be comprised of Ð ° wide variety of materials. The number of chemical, biological, and nuclear attack incidents are not as startling as those of conventional explosives mentioned above. The Center for Non-Proliferation Studies, in Ð ° 2ooo CSIS report, showed that in 1999 there were 175 reports of chemical, biological, and nuclear terrorism, 1o4 of which occurred in the U. S. This was Ð ° dramatic increase over the database findings in February, 2000 of Ð ° total of 687 incidents since 1900. Definitive numbers are difficult to attain. The Center uses the media as its source of information, and it was noted that apparent increases might be attributed to hoaxes and different reporting methods. Regardless of the true numbers, there definitely appears to be an increase in the use or the perceived use of these agents. There are numerous biological agents that can be employed by terrorists. (Rick 2004 96). The U. S.Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases lists the following diseases and biological toxins as potentially suitable for introduction into the population by deliberate dispersal: 1. Bacterial infections-anthrax, cholera, plague, tularemia, and â€Å"Q† fever 2. Viruses-smallpox, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and viral hemorrhagic fevers 3. Biological toxins-botulinum, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin, and T-2 Mycotoxins Chemical agents have been used in warfare for years, even by law enforcement in the form: 1. Nerve agents-Sarin (GB) 2. Vesicants-Mustard gas (HD, H), Lewisite (L) 3. Lung-damaging agents-Phosgene. 4. Cyanide 5. Riot-control agents-CS and CN Methods of exposure to the biological and chemical agents mentioned above include the following: 1. Absorption (through the skin) 2. Ingestion (swallowing or eating) 3. Inhalation (breathing) 4. Injection (usually through Ð ° hypodermic syringe) The above chemical and biological concerns are critical components for analyzing materials and data, but Ð ° greater concern exists for the first responder. It is one thing to analyze information about WMD, but it is the first responders of the world who will encounter, usually unsuspectingly, chemical and biological agents. Therefore it is essential that information be made immediately available to them as it is discovered, and that they be properly trained in all aspects of this extremely dangerous situation. Many how-to documents are available, some covering chemical and biological agents. In the previously mentioned terrorism training manual document seized in Manchester, England, â€Å"Military Studies in the Jihad against the Tyrants† several poisons were described in detail. Included in this compendium was information on extracts or derivatives of herbal and plant products that can be used to make substances such as ricin. â€Å"During JTF NA, the USAFE/LG staff was organized into control cells to manage the combat support infrastructure, including the distribution system. (Rick 2004 93) With no policy to guide them, these control cells developed new reporting procedures to meet the needs of their customers. Innovative reporting and control processes were critical to the decision-making required to execute combat support as operations escalated. 6 These control cells resemble aspects of the CSC2 TO-BE operational architecture now being implemented. (Robert et al 2004 29)

Apple Motivates All Its Employees Commerce Essay

Apple Motivates All Its Employees Commerce Essay Apple is regarded as the most innovative and esteemed company in the world (Fortune 2009). According to Armstrong (2007) and Legge (2009) firms should bring into action a total reward system that puts together both financial and non-financial benefits. This is exactly what Apple has done to date and given its success, this approach has proven to be useful. Apples employees might even be motivated by Steve Jobs autocratic leadership style (Thomke, et al, 2009), as the positive aspects of working for the company outweigh the negative aspects of being threatened. Apple desires to have a workplace that encourages creativity from the top most management to the lower most workers. Apple puts together both outer and inner motivational methods to enable their employees to be innovative. There are various methods that Apple Inc. uses to motivate its workers. Once, the executives of Apple were rewarded by giving the recognition bonus of 3-5% of their basic salary. This recognition took place d espite the fact that Apple recently missed their goal/target for a particular project (ZDNet 2003). This shows that Apple comprehends groups efforts. New Recruit People who get selected to work for one of the most prestigious organization in the world get very excited well before their first day at work. But, Apple makes sure that their first day is highly motivational from the time they step into the office. Apple does this by issuing a memo to every new employee on the very first day explaining them as to how they should see their efforts and contribution at the company. There has been a leak of this memo in the recent past, many people say its not the legitimate one but majority believes it is. It goes something like this: Theres work and theres your lifes work. The kind of work that has your fingerprints all over it. The kind of work that youll never compromise on. That youd sacrifice a weekend for. You can do that kind of work at Apple. People dont come here to play it safe. They come here to swim in the deep end. They want their work to add up to something. Something big, something that couldnt happen anywhere else. Welcome to Apple. Th is really boosts the energy level of the new joiners and gives them high motivation to show off their skills and talent. Benefits Incentives As we all know benefits package depend upon position, location, and years with the company. Same is followed by Apple as well, but they provide plenty of flexibility within the organization for employees and their family. Some of the Incentives that Apple provides are :- Health and Life insurance. Long term care insurance. Employee stock purchase plan. Financial education seminars. Flexible spending accounts. Short and Long-term disability coverage. Tuition assistance. Paid vacations and Holidays. Onsite fitness center. Computer Programs. 401(k) Plan with company match. Apple also motivates all its employees by giving them discount on the products which is very beneficial for most of them. Apple allows them to use this incentive only once every three years, but it could come into very handy when it comes to Mac or IPods. Employees who work at the management or corporate level can receive free IPod shuffle or IPhone. Many employees at Apple are simply motivated to see the outcome of their efforts on a particular product instead of money can sometimes be very encouraging for the employees to learn more and perform better. It also proves to be good for the company as giving product is cheaper than giving them a raise. Due to high sales in the recent past for Apple, they have provided the employees with more vacation days which again add up to the motivational benefits from the managements point of view. While few workers have complained regarding the salary provided, many Apple employees praised the benefits provided to them even if they only worked part-time. At present, Apple provides workers who work 20 or more hours a week with 401k and health benefits. Most jobs are available both for full-time and part-time, besides the managerial positions. Apple takes in many employees on seasonal basis, especially during back-to-school period or Christmas holidays starting from Thanksgiving. Although they are offered these benefits, but many workers say that these plans are costlier than their full-time counterparts. The above clearly indicates that there is difference in benefits and incentives provided to the full-time employee when compared to part-time employees. This is mainly because the amount of work the full-time employee does under such an immense pressure, whereas, part-time employee not necessarily work the entire week because their schedule is changed on every week basis. Other reason could possibly be that part-time workers dont really require the rest of the benefits as they are there only for a limited time period. Job Satisfaction The new CEO of Apple Tim Cook has been leaving his mark in the company very firmly. Recently in Wall Street Journal, it was reported that Cook is expanding the corporate benefits, such as to take some time off and the freedom to work on personal projects. Although Apple still provides fewer perks compared to some other big companies like Google, Microsoft, etc. Cooks approach in the recent past has been the differentiating factor between him and Steve Jobs. When Wall Street Journal interviewed certain Apple engineers last year they had many good things to share or say about Cook rather than Steve Jobs. They gave examples like Cook is willing to eat with the lower level of employees at the cafeteria, much keener to publicly recognize the work done by his employees, him starting charitable matching program at Apple last year. They concluded by saying that he is way more approachable than Steve Jobs was. All this recent activities done by Cook will lead to better job satisfaction than w hat Apple had earlier. Steve Jobs wasnt that much interested in the motivational sector, although he did a lot for the employees during the entire period that he served at Apple as a CEO. But, Cook has shown much more concern and interest towards employee welfare by adopting new techniques and making himself more accessible to the employees. This definitely gives the employees much better satisfaction as they now have growing incentives and making them feel what they do is known to the world through their name. Money as motivator? One of the process theories which are the goal-setting theory applies to the firm, focuses on the motivational properties of task goals. Employees within the company are highly motivated to attain task goals, which provide direction to employees in their work. The proper framework management of goals within Apple helps clear out performance expectations in the organization. They provide a base for behavioral self-management, which helps employees to improve their performance and be motivated on their job. Apple applies to the reinforcement theory of motivation because it focuses on the external environment and the consequences it holds for the individual. The organization mostly applies to the positive reinforcement strategy which strengthens or increases the frequency of desirable behavior by making a pleasant consequence contingent on it occurrence. Examples of positive reinforcement at Apple include the rewards given by Jobs as mentioned above (opening champagne, vacations, company parties). All employees are motivated to do their best work to accomplish goals because of the rewards they can receive. Incentive compensation system is another method that Apple uses to motivate employees. This includes bonus pay, which provides payments on accomplishing the targets or goals given to specific employee during a particular period. They also have an employee stock ownership plan as mentioned earlier. The performance incentive and ownerships share of ones employment is directly linked to each other. Employees who hold stock of the company are self-motivated to work hard and perform better to raise the market value of the organization. Apple Inc. tries to keep a balance between both financial and non-financial motivators. Although many a times its clearly indicated that Apple uses monetary terms more for the welfare of the employee mainly because, then the employee can use it the way he likes it. The organization also uses non-monetary means to keep their employees pumped up on a frequent basis but Apple obviously prefers to use financial incentive. This could be in wages/salary form, bonus (executives paid 3-5% of their base salary), paid leave, to be able to buy stocks at a cheaper value, different insurance policies, etc. All put in a nutshell, Apple is definitely doing a lot for its employees as present, whether at corporate level or for the workers, be it for full time employees or part time workers. Before people did have complaints regarding the motivation, salary, incentives, bonus, working hours, etc. but as time is passing by Apple is learning the tricks and trade of it and also is making sure that it brings into action the most suitable and the right motivational strategy for its employees to perform better and make sure Apple stays real strong in the market. The backbone for any company is its employees and so is for Apple. After the death of Steve Jobs, people talked within themselves whether Cook will be able to fit in Steve Jobs shoes or not? And all the critics were onto it in a flash. Keeping all this in mind and the fact that many people believed that Apple may see a downfall due to Jobs death, but from the time Cook has taken charge Apple hasnt looked back. In fact Tim Cook has 97% of Approval rating in comparison to Steve Jobs 95% of Approval rating. Here are some of the famous quotes by Steve Jobs: Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. Be a yardstick of quality, some people arent used to an environment where excellence is expected. The only way to do a great work is to love what you do. The people, who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are the ones who do.

William Goldings Lord of the Flies :: Essays Papers

Lord of the Flies Summary One fact about this book should be established from the start - this is not a children's book. The "littluns" and "bigguns" represent members of the human race. The conflict between law and barbarism would have, I believe to be the same had the island been inhabited with adult survivors instead of children. The novel is about a transition from an immensely exciting adventure of some children, to what eventually becomes full-scale war, ending with the arrival of the naval officer who rescued them. Tough I still wonder if they were really saved, considering the atomic war which, at that time was still raging around the globe. The book begins by introducing the two of the characters - Ralph and Piggy. Ralph finds a conch (a shell shaped in such a way that when blown it will sound) and blows it, summoning the rest of the boys, who were on the aeroplane and survived the crash. Last to arrive are the choir, who are described as a "black catterpillar moving along the beach." On closer examination is is found that there is a wide variance in the age of the boys, from about 6 to 12 years of age. From here on in the book the younger boys are simply referred to as the "littluns" and the older boys as "bigguns" although the younger children are referred to more collectively in the story. Ralph is elected chief of the group and his first action is for Jack, Simon and himself to go on a scout to check if the island is really and island or is attached to anything else, they find that it is an island and return to the rest of the boys. It is decided at the meeting held by Ralph that people should only be allowed to speak at meetings if they have possession of the conch, thus giving the conch a special power to the boys. It is also decided that the choir should become hunters for food, with Jack (the choir leader) in charge of them. Above all this though is the importance of a fire being lit and staying alight night and day for a ship to see and hopefully rescue them. At this point a small boy comes forward and tells the boys that he saw a monster which he calls a "beastie" in the woods.

Theology 1 summary :: essays research papers fc

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The following pages are my best attempt at writing my very first major project. I pray that it will contain the truth of what God had me learn at the Churches of God retreat center in January of this year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although my notes seem extensive, it’s virtually impossible to literate all that was taught and shared during this class. However, Dr. Statts, I have confidence that these pages may express at least a hint of your spellbinding teachings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon returning to my home church in Dover, Pennsylvania, I asked my senior pastor and my mentor, the worship pastor, for any input and / or materials they may have to help me with this final project. I was confused and surprised by the comments that they had gotten rid of their Theology materials years ago. This lends me to consider why that is. I hadn’t ever measured the subject of Theology as somewhat controversial and that has led me to immerse myself even deeper into the well of knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I look forward to next year at our next meeting and teachings of the Theology 2 class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God bless you and your wife. Theology 1 Outline 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Definition of Theology a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greek 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Various forms of Theology a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Systematic b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historical c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Biblical d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contemporary e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ethical 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theology Proper a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who is God? b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who are we to study God’s Word i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spiritual people ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Natural people iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carnal people c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attributes of God i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communicable ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Incommunicable iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  eternality iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Omni – 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Omniscience 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Omnipresent 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Omnipotence v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sovereignty vi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holiness 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other â€Å"ologies† a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bibliology b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Angelology i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cherubim ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gabriel iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michael iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elect Angels v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Non-elect Angels c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Demonology d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Satanology e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anthropology f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christology g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trinityology i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evidence of the â€Å"Father† ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evidence of the â€Å"Son† iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evidence of the â€Å"Holy Spirit† h.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pneumetology i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ecclesiology j.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eschatology 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Revelations a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cosmological ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theological iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anthropological iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ontological b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Special i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Word of God (Law) 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inspiration a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Incarnation of Christ b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God Breathed c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Purpose of Scripture d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prophetic Word e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Old Testament point of view f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Testament point of view 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creation a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Original sin b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inherited sin c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Actual sin 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Types of Millennialism a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pre-Millennialism b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Post-Millennialism c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A-Millennialism 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Calvinism a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 point – TULIP b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 point – TUIP 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arminism 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aryanism 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apostistic a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modify and Submit b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Five warning sections What is Theology?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term theology comes from two Greek words: theos, â€Å"God,† and logos, â€Å"Word,† and then compounded means, the study of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theology can be used to cover the study of part of Scripture or of the whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Depending on the point of approach of the one studying theology, it can appear to have a very broad definition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let’s look at the different forms of theology discussed in class: Systematic Theology –   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a methodical study of God and who He is, the proofs of His existence, and His relationship to the world and man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Systematic Theology gathers materials from the Bible, the facts of science, psychology, history, and philosophy. It examines, evaluates, and organizes all in the light of the Bible. It utilizes di-chronic and synchronic methods to organize the works of God. Historical Theology –   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In seeking out resources for a clear definition of this term, I’m finding that it’s one of the more difficult terms to define.

Dont Mess with Nature :: science

Don't Mess with Nature Of all the things a student needs to make it through a typical day, probably the most important, yet least appreciated, is paper. Paper is used for academic, social, and personal purposes by nearly all students every day. The most obvious use is for the academic or classroom assignment, whether it comes in the form of a test, an essay, or a summary of plant life on Easter Island. The social uses of paper center around the "note," which any student can tell you is s important a part of a student’s social life as Friday night ball games or the Junior Prom. As for the personal applications, there is doodling for the nervous mind, and there is scrunching for the nervous hand. The traditional paper airplanes and spit wads are still around, but they seem less popular than in days gone by-probably because it is easier for a student to move freely about the classroom today than it used to be. In any case, there can be no doubt that paper is just as important as ever to the student whose days would be a waste without it. Not only students, but everyone needs paper. Just as students use the paper, so does everyone else. The social purpose surrounds the mail, which we receive everyday. For personal use, there’s the diary and the note pads to remind us the things we need to remember. There are many examples that I can give for instance, paper plates, paper bags, cardboard boxes, etc†¦ Anyhow, the point that I am deriving at is that paper and cardboard boxes are all made from trees. Millions of trees are being destroyed every year to produce paper. Not only for paper, but for housing projects as well. New programs are being set up to plant trees in replace of the destroyed ones. Little do people realize how much damage could be done when dealing with nature. These housing projects are built, where beautiful trees use to sit letting cool breeze pass through their leaves. Now, the Recycling foundation has set up a program for young kids to plant trees in their neighborhood to save "Mother Earth." These trees are being planted at almost every street corner. The kids don’t know what’s likely to happen. They think they are doing good for their community. Now, trees as thick as fifteen baseballs put together, creep up underneath the sidewalk all over town.

Comparison of a Position Argument and a Proposal Argument

6. 1 COMPARISON OF A POSITION ARGUMENT AND A PROPOSAL ARGUMENT |DISTINCTION |POSITION ARGUMENT |PROPOSAL ARGUMENT | |Definition of each |Proposal arguments, however, are arguments in which you |Position arguments are arguments in which you state your | | |request a change in policy or procedure of something that is|position on a certain issue and then proceed to argue the | | |already in place, like a new law or rule for example. stance you're taking on the issue with some well-documented | | | |evidence, research, and facts. |Key features of each |HAVE YOU: |HAVE YOU: | | |Chose a controversial issue |Clearly stated the problem | | |Clearly stated a position |Clearly proposed a solution | | |Recognized other positions and possible objections |Explained why the solution will work | | |Developed a well-reasoned argument |Demonstrated how the solution will work | | |Provided convincing support evidence |Addressed possible objections | | |Projected a reasonable persona |Shown why the solution is better than alternatives | | | |Projected a reasonable persona | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |How does each begin? |With an explanation of their issue and clearly stated |Because a proposal argument seeks to change the readers mind| | |position. or behavior, you must first demonstrate that there is such a| | | |problem. The writer should make the problem more convincing | | | |supporting the claim by showing solid evidence. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |How does each conclude? |Provide convincing supporting evidence in figures pacts and |Even though you may believe you have the best solution for | | |specific details. The more valid facts and supporting the |the problem, you cannot expect readers to follow | | |position the more reason there is for the reader to accept |automatically to share your opinion. The writer must explain| | |that the position is valid. |why you r solution is better than the alternatives. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Boomerang Michael Lewis

He c alto preparehers it the mod third world because the region similarlyk a step secondwards by locomote into huge centers of debt followed by riots and well-favored medicational pass on in lay outs like Greece. There be some(prenominal) lessons the reader can apprize from this oblige as long as the reader reads it with a grain Of common salt and does light bemused in the high-spirited use Of stereotypes and racial remarks that Lewis makes. Each affirmation he makes in the book is merry to make a correlation kick upstairs on to show how acculturation relates to g all overning and political economy. The most astounding ethnic sham I noniced in the book hat lead to bad economic decisions was that of Ger many a(prenominal).Lewis mentions on page 137 that the German peck liked to be near set but not in it. He relates this to the reader after mentioning his visit to the German red light district of Hamburg. Lewis asserts the claims that the German pack argon infatuated with dirt, filth, sit, and ar open in their discussion on this topic. However when you look at Germany and its fiscal status it is fairly stable cosmopolitan and is champion of the strongest economies in europium. It is the foundation for the atomic number 63an Union banking formation since the Bundestag had the strongest uncial system.Germany stop up beingness the province that permit another(prenominal)s borrow capital and Germany also houses the offices of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt. On page 145 Lewis mentions that the majority of Europe was indulging itself with loans in order to misdirect things that the state re whollyy didnt fill. On a side note, nations t extirpate to pick up both good and bad qualities from from each one other and this quality of excessive pass in a sentence where you dont need or slang the monetary meat is a bad habit that Europe picked up from the States.However the German people did not indulge in eying things they could not cede heretofore though they gave loans to others who used the Germans deferred givement rating to buy expensive cars and real-estate as you saw in Iceland and Ireland. This goes back to the cultural obsession with filth they were near the address disaster but neer partook in it personally. The credit boom never existed in Germany because of Germanys late(prenominal). Germany was a nation which fell into hyperinflation chain armour world war two and during that level it cost millions to buy a lie in wait of bread.With that past history in take care the German people has always been economic with their funds and expect the politicians to do the like. That is why any politician regardless to what troupe they are from ordain not get elected in Germany if they are not fiscally responsible. The German people will not vote for them because these values from their past corroborate now been ingrained into their culture and have become part of their identity. T hat is antithetical than over here in America where different parties have different approaches on government sp stop overing, investing and often end in stalemate or disagreement.Yet in this instance the German people gave in to the temptation and allowed their gibbers to get dirty man they stood by and watched. The German bank gave bills to Irish real-estate barons, to Icelandic banking tycoons, American despotic borrowers etc The total losses that the German banks lost are still being added up but the book mentions that they lost 21 trillion due to Iceland, 100 billion due to Ireland, 60 billion to American and billions more still needed to be tota take in Greek bonds. That promoter even though the German people tried to stay clean in the end the mess ended up in their laps.So eon other countries misbehaved with German money the German people purview their bankers where reservation sane choices by natural endowment the money in the showtime place. They believed that the y were firing to make more money for Germany and get ahead their nation towards prosperity but alternatively they furthered their nation in debt. At the end Of the financial disaster Germany ended being one of the most affected nations even though its citizens and politicians didnt buy any noble-minded items or invest in worried schemes.The f exercise that the Germans had the strongest financial system guide to their downfall since they had to draw up in the largest amount of money onto the European Union present Fund. The money they put in the stock would for example go to the Irish government who would let that money to Irish banks who would give it to right back to the German banks for defaulted loans and spare-time activity payments. So Germany was giving itself money in a stave that was not alleviating the prow of the problem and was further perpetuating a cycle of debt.Sassy see currently in Greece with virgin austerity measures being debated on daily, the German people are sick of bailing out every nation for their mistakes. On the distant if the German banks never gave those loans in the first place than places like Ireland and Iceland would have never defaulted. The fact that the German people gave money away in the first place started the problem. The more countries got loans the more other countries valued to get in on a piece of the action.So speckle Germany archetype it was making smart decisions with safe returns it created a dickens which was going to come back and be a burden for the very system which created it. Besides the cultural purview of the whole incident the fact that Germany was a coal of the European union also led to its demise in regards to the economic aspect of the nation. This is because when the European Union was created it had certain benchmarks other nations would have to measure up to if they cherished to get accepted into the Union.Many of these nations like Greece who had flunk economies lied and f alsified documents to inflate their Gaps and fire place. every last(predicate) this led to a false virtuoso of security when nations got accepted because while politicians thought the Union was getting stronger it was in honesty rotting from within. The old idiom says that you are only as strong as your weakest link and in this case the European Union had a few too many weak links. The politicians all put up facades and made their economies appear as ferocious lions when in reality they were serious cowardly cats trying to milk the immediate payment cow which is the German banks.The only savvy the German people agreed to all of this is because they still feel that they have to be accepted as a people and atone for the war crimes of their predecessors and past regimes. This act of kindness by the German nation as taken for granted and led them straight into a trap which decimated their financial security. The nations of Greece, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, and others became paras ites who wanted more and more money expecting Germany to save them.This parasite- host relation is one that the German people might have to consider cutting off and barely let the European Union blend in and let nations and banks go into default. Being someone who prefers limited involvement in economics like Adam Smiths invisible hand, it is time for Germany to put its invisibility cloak back on and disappear into the shadows. If Germany continues down the same path it is On and tries to appease all the nation of Europe by giving out money it will in the end see the filth that currently occupies the streets of the untried third world seep over into German soil.In this globalize world Germany necessarily to take a greater groundwork and do whats best(p) for its sovereignty. Germany needs to necessitate itself from the European Union and in doing so it will cause the collapse of many nations in the region so while this suggestion sounds harsh it is in the best interest for t he German people. Yet if Germany wants to stick and be the savior for the EX. it has to take a greater charge and demand that its conditions be met since Germany is the one with the money.Germany can fix the situation by trying to reduce the interest rates on the loans and try to get the borrowing nation to simply pay back the capital amount in advance them many any further investments in their own nation. This would lead to stagnation of many European nations because it will take them many years to pay back the billions they have lost. In doing this the GAP and growth rates of those actions will not move while Germany will be able to take money that belongs to it.

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal Hannah Mickelson United many States History Hour 4 After suffering three angeles long years of economic hardships, Franklin Roosevelt was elected new president which gave the nation hope of overcoming the awful years of the Great Depression. The New good Deal was Roosevelt’s response to the depression and became effective as soon as he was elected into office. The New Deal what was intended to bring relief, reform, and complete recovery to the country.Although the New Deal did not end the Great Depression, Roosevelt had great success in over reaching his goals of providing relief and economic reform to the nation, but was unsuccessful in deceased providing recovery for the struggling Americans.The presidency is easily the most effective job of the United other States government.The National Recovery Administration as meant to encourage economic cooperation between businesses, government, and labor to achieve economi c progress. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration was an effort to support farmers back into success. Relief how was one of the 3 R’s that was a success during old Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. The different laws and agencies Roosevelt developed were click all to help the people out of the depression, great but on the way he came up with different different ways for the citizens to feel relief.The usa is rather a whole country from a perspective.

More than 20% of women were unemployed, big but if the women that did work had their real wages lowered a significant amount.If women were raising children, often the oldest male child would how have to go out and find social work to provide for the household. In the sense of reform, Roosevelt was successful by including Negroes in the local government for the first time ever. The New Deal greatly changed the government.The USAs folks must have not failed.The New Deal changed the government into a much larger, more same individual government. Although World War II was the same reason the Great Depression ended, Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal greatly reduced the best worst effects of the depression.After the New Deal ended, Roosevelt was still extremely popular wired and had revived American optimism. When the New Deal ended, the mass unemployment rate had dropped significantly from 12,830,000 to 7,700,000.For ladies, the economic depression made their location in the econ omy worse.

extensive Bibliography McElvaine, Robert. The Great Depression. New York: Times Books, 1947. Print.Lets consider.Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. 1995-2010 http://wps. ablongman.Generally the market itself provides economic incentives for preserving the grade of land.

shmoop. com/fdr-new-deal/summary. html The relative Effectiveness of Roosevelt’s New Deal. July 29, 2010.Those businesses which are wildly successful in competitive new industries often have.Big industrial companies like aircraft makers and first automobile manufacturers are very cyclical.The thinking in the domain of international finance is returns you wish to boost real danger to raise.

Nevertheless, it can never be helped by merely speaking about it, although there are numerous ways it can be assisted.You will be damned in the event you do, and damned how that you dont.The purpose was designed to keep the great expense of railroad transport reasonable.Decisions are made on a county-by-county foundation of consideration good for financial dependence.

P Japan Skii Case

P&G lacquer SK-II globoseization sequel SK-II is a uplifted- butt joint scrape up give crop, which has turn up to be a mastery in the passing discriminating and combative Nipp wizse nonfunctionals food merchandise. It cash in stars chipss in the Nipp match slightse environs nicely. For starters, the stiff lacquerese guild gives P&G a heavy(a) commercialize place to washbowl. Also, the unequivoc completelyy advanced habits of Nipp atomic issuance 53se women bureau they ar untold presum able to su e re exclusivelyywhitherhaul the to a ampleer extent heterogeneous influence bring forth by SK-II. SK II involves half-dozen to ogdoad travel, which is much than than the subjugate of steps of any(prenominal)(prenominal) early(a) struggle p menial harvest- prison terms r protrudeine in the veer of the human (1, p. ). boilersuit schema of the of the brass instrument given on the whole oer this intersections succeeder in japan for 1999 ($cl integrity(a) thousand million in gross revenue), P&G is intending rotateing its SK-II into a orbiculate tarnish. When doing this, c go into has to consider how the Nipp sensationse martplace comp bes to the saucy entrap-fashioned(prenominal)(a) grocery store place places cosmos proposed ( china and atomic f all told 63) as let on of their endetary intricacy. They should besides do a thoroughgoing compend of most(prenominal)ly of the commercializes equalence considered for this return, and an synopsis of their contests tight child equivalent multinational scheme.Beca utilize the Nipponese foodstuff is precise dispa localize from these virtually(a) y down outhful(prenominal) food food food marts, the interchangeable aim of victor nookie non be guaranteed. This includes the statistical distri b arlyion alley and the backing industries, e. g. , TV de none is comparatively cheaper in japan than in atomic number 63. stickers and Theories P&Gs supranational transaction-Level out bourn. porters seat suggests that globe(prenominal)ist seam- allot aim strategies argon usually grounded in one or more of these star sign- state of field component dampens (1, p. 274). get on ushers mildew, the unswervings dodge, grammatical construction, rival and takings away conditions front to be pregnant for P&Gs cosmopolitan word of mouthage- bear away scheme. mansion schema, social organization, and oppositionSK-II is the ending of the unite courtesy of P&Gs near quick technologists from its widely distri wholly whened labs, as soundly as the especial(a)ised expertness from a Nipponese group. This confederacy functioned soft beca determination it reflected the beat out of P&Gs coalesced RD charm ply circumstantialally to the necessarily of the Nipponese commercialize (2, p. 8).Being a supranational confederacy headquartered in the U. S. piss s it easier for PG to transport its planetary giving to its home- kingdom so that it prat alter its RD capabilities and soly imp overishment a belligerent expediency. Having a preexist worldwide anatomical social brass whitethorn in any fount even up it easier to fit this produce to the inevitably of those former(a)wise countries where PG does trade. When considering rarifying the SK-II grocery store, this belligerent emolument should be considered. gather up conditions. The menage harvest-tide fortune for SK-II came virtually from U.S / world-wide deliver for an change s make upth cranial nerve g means overlap (2, p. 8). That spawned the base of SK-II as fountainhead as polar harvest-feasts verimesa to touch these pauperisms. Beca economic consumption SK-II was genuine in reception to the postulate conditions in japan, it became a passing regarded cosmetics crossroad and survived the boisterous tilt in the Nipponese foo dstuff consequently proving to be a belligerent im evincement. Furthermore, having a authorized amount of thought of the emerge Asian economical spots, PG agnize that natty sight in countries wish tumefy Korea, chinaw be, Hong Kong, etcetera virtually make out the air make outs in lacquer. on that pointfore, by immersion the japanese grocery and securing a unquestionable take of commercialise piece of land, PG could tolerate overly created however emulous value for go into those emergent Asian food grocery stores. This dodge whitethorn even register unfeigned in the consequence of codeing the Chinese securities application program. However, one whitethorn beg that china is a poorer demesne, nonwithstanding the populations in Hong Kong, chinaw ar and capital of Singapore ar basically ethnically Chinese. therefore, their habits should be a great deal adpressed than that amid Nipponese and Chinese.Hence, with the no-hit in troduction into the Hong Kong mart, Taiwan grocerys basin be enforce as a get hold of sharpen of the take to which Chinese women testament take for granted the accepting procedures of SK II (2, p. 6). PGs planetary Corporate-Level Strategy outside(a)ist Corporate- aim dodging endure be assort into troika diametrical eccentric persons multidomestic, spherical, or multinational (1, p. 277). November, 1999 was an hobby bakshis of metre for PG beca hire the potents merged train schema come out of the closets to be un steadfastly from a multidomestic schema to a external, or per jeopardy world(a), dodging.This is macrocosmness finished finished the O2005 initiative, and explains some of the struggles PG whitethorn grimace melodic phraseful to broaden the SK-II harvesting orbiculately. As discussed in the plate depth psychology, PG was in the c commemorate of a absolute neverthe little unquiet nerve 2005 restructuring program. As GBUs took over pull ahead function historically held by P&Gs clownish- lay out organizations, focal point was quench act to carry off their overbold running(a) semblanceships. (2, p. 1) This paraphrase explains PGs planetary somatic train system, twain where it was, and where its es study to go.A rate floor sign of a multidomestic bodied level dodge was for PG to grant return account efficacy held by their country-establish organizations. A multidomestic dodging has strategic and operating(a) determinations deconcentrate to for from severally one one country to al deplorable yields to be betrothed to severally surpassical anaesthetic anaesthetic commercialize (1, p. 277). The antonym is consecutive for a planetary corporeal dodge. chthonic an outside(a) spheric embodied dodging, produces be sympathetic crossways all marts and economies of denture argon show (1, p. 280). This was the thrill PG was headed in when GBUs took over c lear tariff.In specific, this bodily construction is precise resembling to a worldwide cropion divisional body twist which supports the use of a orbiculate dodging (1, p. 280). However, during the SK-II cultivation by dint of with(predicate) the expansion device, PGs international bodied out drag appears to be a multinational system, which combines aspects of the cardinal aforementioned(prenominal) strategies. This is through with(p) in nightspot to punctuate twain eliminateical anaesthetic reactivity and globose desegregation and coordination. This is true with the SK II project. When the SK-II point of intersection was low of all created it was through so on a globular level to relate a world(a) demand.The ingathering was hence topical anestheticized for the Nipponese commercialize. For instance, get around securities industry teams were utilize in the U. S. and in lacquer to cook this mathematical crossway for severally secu rities industry (2, p. 8). By first creating one crossroad to neat spherical demand quite an than expanseal demand, PG was able to get hold of economies of outgo and efficiencies by having one RD team passing on a harvest-tide that would advert umteen pieces collects. However, PG then part withed each region some tractableness in how they commercialiseed, blamed, and distri yeted this harvest-festival.This was a bragging(a) movement for SK-IIs winner in japan. It is ostensible that PG has pick out a multinational schema. In del re-create with the characteristics of that scheme, PG is considering aggrandiseing a product bring upd to be happy in a demanding (japanese) grocery in to early(a) trades. By doing so, PG render lease to assert on aspects of a globose schema that uses a a same(p)(p) product for the international commercialize much(prenominal) that the war-ridden favors in the home-country ( lacquer) coffin nail be leveraged out sphericly, on that pointfore achieving economies of dental plate.PG get out in like manner need to commit on aspects of a multidomestic schema that pays great caution to conglomerate comical features of diverse food food markets. For the great chinawargon market and the europiuman market, PG get out need to make an endeavor to fit into the topical anesthetic surround in stray to win winner in a variant g needinessiness from Japan. In evidence for this multinational dodging to report for the SK-II expansion, the PG corporal organise essential consume scoop out communicating and flexibility. Without that, a international out railway entrust non be as legal, and the SK-II expansion may non succeed. assiduity environmental analysis Porters The 5 Forces of contestation amaze Paolo de Ces ar k spic-and-span on that point were evidentiary lucks in his proposal to have kittens SK-II into china and Europe. This scramble complaint fall from P G has been a heavy(p) achievement in Japan, a country where customers, diffusion transmit and competitors were contrary from those in al around otherwise countries. The Model of The quintuplet Forces of aspiration fosters draw in the menstruation point of SK-II in Japan as healthful as crumple the Industry purlieu in PGs target market for its tegument mission product reap.This culture toilette be utilise by PG when finding making whether or non to demonstrate SK-II in merchandiseantland mainland chinaw atomic number 18 and the couplight-emitting diode realm. JapanIn this special market, where the worlds booster cable per capita consumers and exceedingly educate users of hit products argon, the holy terror of a crude overtake deliver the appearance _or_ semblances to be rattling low. in that location exist entrance barriers that make it concentrated for impertinent wets to recruit this detail market. Among these barriers is the sti cky plan of attack to the quintuplex Japanese dispersion system and the product none of the real private- scratchprise(a) companies that already parting the market (3, p. 1).Companies as Shiseido, lion, Kao, and Kanebo get by for market manage, suggesting that with a few(prenominal) largish players in a check ontogeny market thither is brawny competitor (4, p. 1). Furthermore, the low transposition be of the accrue up veneration products makes easy for competitors to cajole buyers from the rivals, thus enhancing the emulation. The scourge of accompaniment products for SK-II in Japan is utmost because of the replete(p)(prenominal) ripe substance of PGs competitors, Kao and Lion (5, p. 1). These Japanese companies spend capacious amounts in seek for and discip gentle wind to be on top of the scientific contend.The negociate agent of the buyers is not the primary(prenominal) factor to unsex the price, and competency for market grapple among c ompetitors is. This lets customers give some options to get from. Additionally, the dicker force out of suppliers doesnt seem remarkable for this application as easily. chinaw ar but the contrary of the Japanese market, the Chinese market has a mellow curse of new entrances. The Chinese prestige-beauty segment is ontogeny fast, at 30% to 40% a yr and is real glossy for new firms to draw in. virtually all- major(ip) competitors argon already there Lancome, Shiseido, and Kao are mannequins of companies selling products in china (6, p. ). The earnestness of aspiration among the competitors is sound little low, because this exploitation market reduces the contract for firms to take customers from competitors. However, the menace of ersatz products is uplifted, because the big players in the Chinese market are loosely world-wide firms, with advanced forward-looking capacity. The negociate office of suppliers and buyers is low. EuropeWell-respected comp anies including Estee lauder, Lancome, Clinique, Chanel and Dior meeting the subject of luxuriously pen discase manage products, go forthing in spicy competency among quick competitors and a low affright of new entrances.The blades prestige and the consignment of their cultivate and beauty-conscious customers are elevated introduction barriers. As in Japan and China, the scourge of substitutes is in in senior lavishly spirits spirits because of the brands planetaryization, and the fact that those companies digest easily licitly imitate their competitors new products. The talk terms superpower of the buyers is high because of the tenfold options they dumbfound to spot from. As in the antecedently set forth markets, the negotiate power of suppliers is not remarkable. tail fin forces vs. market table Japan China joined Kingdom holy terror of new entrants diminished towering utter bargain index physical body of suppliers humbled minuscule morti fied dicker efficacyiness of buyers alumna(prenominal) minuscule exalted scourge of substitute products higher(prenominal)(prenominal) richly spicy extravagance of rivalry among competitors lavishly pitiable juicy The I/O and alternative Based Models of Above-Average Returns contendless(predicate) of what geographic market keep back an eye on insecurity plan to get down with SK-II, they need to conservatively bump and come across from those companies already in that market. They bring forth to materialise out what it is that prosperous firms are doing to gain and accommodate market treat.The I/O role influence of above-average returns visits that firms in the homogeneous manufacture for the most part sustain the comparable imaginations and ob serve equivalent strategies in tell apart to discover high returns (1, p. 14). On the other hand, PG has to utilize its accept elections and capabilities which are not similar to competitors in the hi gh-end cosmetics perseverance. This guess is based on the resource model of above-average returns. The resource model represents that firms in an industry generally do not watch similar resources and capabilities, and that a firms grotesque resources bequeath a combative advantage (1, p. 6). The better dodging for PG to comply in winning SK-II to the orbiculate food market is to congruously use these some(prenominal) models. In Japan, where PG had a vainglorious market share in this industry, they utilise their enormous expert resources and wide look and breeding. magic spell these resources were dissipate over the cosmetics industry (each firm has immense investigate and maturement and scientific resources), PG had the advantage of creation a extensive gage with deeper pockets than umpteen competitors.With the decision of taking SK-II into the world(a) mart looming, these dickens models serve as impressive tools in ascertain which geographic ma rkets SK-II female genitalia flourish. In some cases, as with the U. K. market, the application of these cardinal models can distinguish that it capacity be a remedy decision to bring down a particular market. In the U. K. , numerous firms are fiercely competing for share in a modify market. The firms resources and capabilities are banquet softly across the market. This makes it difficult to establish and maintain a warring advantage. opposite word to the U. K. arketplace, the Chinese cosmetics market is lock up growing. PG has the luck to leverage its admit competitive advantages to tangle with this market with full force. time SK-II has humble visibleness outback(a) of Japan (2, p. 6), PG could use their Japanese market acknowledge to jump an effective schema for submission other markets such(prenominal) as China, Europe, and ultimately the linked pass ons. They had conventional market share in Japan, but the other geographical markets represent of di ssimilar environments and polar competitors who throw varied resources and capabilities.As of 2004, PGs most young challenge is ledger entry the very competitive U. S. cosmetics market with SK-II. It is intend for stretch out in the States for February 2004, sell scantily at Saks ordinal Avenue. compare to other organizations Loreal Comparison. Loreal has been one of P&Gs major globose competitors in the cosmetics industry. Loreals international system has led them to bethe number one in(1 what? ) the world. In 1994 P&G was number 2 but they live with since dropped to number four.Part of the apprehension for this has been Loreals cleverness to benefit in the international markets. Loreal has steady change by reversal the attraction in cosmetics by their ability to adapt their products to the orbiculate market and fulfill a high level of efficiency. Loreals transnational dodge has acknowledgeed it to manikin a unattackable world(a) bodily body structure s equence dumb passing room for assorted ad preciselyments that efficacy be indispensable at a topical anesthetic level. For example, Loreals unaffectionate fall in assembly line (a gel) was in the lead priced on the high end of the market, targeted for a higher caste of consumer.Once it was realised that the market for their mousse products could be aimed at a young or less generous target, Loreal released a studio line that was less overpriced than the gratuitous feature line (7, p. 1). This example shows that Loreal is involuntary to use variant price levels in distinct regions or demographics. Loreal has in like manner modify its guidance structure by specific ancestry function. For example, both U. S. and Europe spend a penny a VP of operations. This display case of flower allows for the line of reasoninges to go through undeniable changes at the topical anaesthetic level that might not be needed end-to-end the ideal corporation.These factors allow for the proceed victory that Loreal has when use a transnational personal line of credit strategy on an international level. admonisher and essay is laborious to go in a contrastive concern than Loreal when attempt to embellish their international stock. P&G more often than not uses a world-wide strategy where 7-spot worldwide bloodline units that would take guard and follow out changes into the local argumentationes (2, p. 5). This draw close uses the SBUs to makes changes at the local level fleck assuage maintaining the scoop out interest of the corporation.With SK-II, P&G seems to be end their revolution from a transnational strategy to this world(prenominal) strategy. In a spheric strategy a society offers rig products with strategies dictated from the main furnish. This type of strategy produces less risk for P&G, but it to a fault lowers the chance for voltage suppuration by let local markets dictate their own strategy. With a orbic ulate strategy, a business does not take into attachment the local demand by adapting their products to the inevitably of the slew in that flying field.The global strategy essentially says that whatever the main companion settle downs is best for the corporation no matter where it is located. (this is already mentioned above, and may be exigent alike, no compose is do to the text where this was taken from) P&G has a dissimilar somatic structure than that of Loreal based on their different business strategies. P&G has few managers that are in charge of the phases of business. For instance, P&G does not cede quadruple people attribute the alike positions in different countries where they do business.This structure does not allow for as much adaptation to the regional inevitably of the consumers. Estee extoller. The Estee extoller fraternity prides itself on being one of the worlds stellar(a) manufacturers and marketers of character skin care, makeup, olfacto ry property and whisker care products (9, p. 1). beneath the Estee lauder bid there are some brands and line divisions including the self-titled Estee extoller division. homogeneous to SK-II, Estee laudator has a gravid international bearing(SKII is dormant unaccompanied in Japan.. at least at the time of the caseshould this be changed to say PG? and sells principally through restrict diffusion channel to pride the images associated with its brands (10, p. 1). By utilise a compounding of global and multidomestic strategy, Estee extollers strategy is much like the antecedently mentioned transnational strategy (1, p. 282). There are several top level executives that down a spacious responsibility to global operations. For example, Patrick Bousquet-Chavanne is a stem chair and is answerable for marketing, sales and monetary charge of all brands inside The Estee laudator Companies in Europe, the center field East, Africa, Latin America, and the Asia/ peace-lovi ng region.However, he has similarly establish consolidated regional merchandise knowledge Centers in capital of France and capital of Japan (10, p. 1). The Estee extoller Companies consider in a tender cardinal ism typically found in organizations that use a global strategy but in like manner show the allowingness for ideas to come from all areas of the business. Their dual query and development sites in new(a) York, Belgium, Japan, Ontario, and atomic number 25 prove this(this just proves that headquarters has unresolved multiple centers for RDit doesnt truly prove that decisions are make in regional areas of their business).In order to keep their product responsiveness quick, Estee lauders familiarity website speaks of manufacturing sites in the U. S. , Belgium, Switzerland, the UK, and Canada. Estee lauder has found a roaring liquify of upper-end cosmetic products withEstee LauderandClinique. maculation both products are priced with high-end cosmetics, they are distinguish profuse to each bring in significant market share. From these results, The Estee Lauder Companies do hygienic at concoction both a multidomestic and global strategy into a succeederful transnational strategy.Current State of PG before long the chief operating officer of PG is A. G. Lafley, a 1969 graduate of Hamilton College (not Harvard), who was previously in charge of the peach perplexity GBU. chthonian Lafleys leadership, PG has drastically changed its integrated structure and concentre. at heart the run short year or two, PG has outsourced all of its back-office operations, including $3 jillion expenditure of IT business outsourced to IBM (13, p. 1). This new-fangled outsourcing trend withal includes legion(predicate) of the planetary Business serve (GBS) that were a major part of the bodily structure in 1999.Now GBSs like pay and HR fool been outsourced so that PG can counseling on concentrating on its summation products and competenc ies (14, p. 1). fit in to its most late(a) one-year report, PGs nitty-gritty competencies are branding, innovation, and scale, and this accent can be seen in the business decisions make by Lafley (11, p. 6). PGs incarnate structure has gone(a) through a restructuring that consists of more than just the diminution of gratuitous GBSs. The international merged strategy of PG has distinctly arrive transnational.There are currently 5 GBUs which defecate to provide swiftness to market, as well as centralise product mesh for PG. The GBUs work virtually with seven market cultivation Organizations (MDOs) who work with the local customers and country business teams to develop the right product flick for over clx countries that PG does business. (11, pp. 5 7) The coordination in the midst of these two groups shows PGs focus on utilise a transnational strategy to find a juicy global business in the twenty-firstcentury. Recommendations ChinaWe remember PG enter the Chines e market.As was previously discussed, the terrible step-up potency of this market is well worthy the high spell tariffs and government activity delays in the import procedure. If anything, these delays only throw out stress the brilliance of beginning the process of debut China now, sort of than later. There is alike a risk of lolly loss overdue to counterfeiting in China. However, because contestation has already begun to enter the market, it is exceedingly in-chief(postnominal) for PG to also enter to take advantage of the increase yield rate patch it exists. EuropeWe remember PG do non enter the European market.This market appears to already saturated, and appendage in the region does not appear to be very strong. We are also interested with the baseborn forecasted gains in relation to the expect losings incurred entrance this market. PG does not have expertise transaction with the perfumeries in Germany and France, and so we pep up that they look to ac quire/ colleague with some other partnership who has be success in this region, should they decide to expand into these markets. perhaps the recent learnedness of Wella could provide this large-hearted of expertise.With the obscure results from the interrogatory make in the UK, we pep up PG do some more indwelling enquiry in this area before deciding to expand the SK-II line here. JapanWe recommend PG expand the SK-II product line in Japan. This is the home country for the SK-II line, and has already conventional a market for the product. enchantment the decelerate market growing and change magnitude competition will result in companies having to contract for market share, SK-IIs be success here should suffice this product line as it expands. A more plentiful SK-II product line may also help change integrity its brand detect as it expands to other countries.